Shopengauer Artur (1788.22.2, Dantsig 1860.21.9, Frankfurtmayn) \u2014 nemis faylasufi. Gyottingen universitetida tabiatshunoslik va falsafani o’rgangan. Berlin universitetida privatdosent (1820-31). Shopengauer o’zini Gaitning shogirdi, izdoshi hisoblagan. Ayni paytda falsafiy qarashlari norasional tafakkur tarziga moyil. Shopengauer nazdida olam ixtiyor va tasavvur sifatida namoyon bo’ladi. Ixtiyor \u2014 mutlaq ibtido, butun mavjudlikning asosi, narsa o’zida; tasavvur \u2014 voqelik, his etish, tafakkur, hayolot, nihoyat, butun olamning o’zi; uni sub’yekt hissiy a’zolari va ongi bilan ko’z o’ngida gavdalantirishi mumkin. “Olam \u2014 mening tasavvurim”, deydi u; inson ko’z ochishi bilan duch kelgan hidlaru ranglarga, tovushlaru sukunatga, issig’u sovuqqa to’la olam faqat tasavvurdan iborat. Ixtiyor tasavvurga o’xshamaydi, u sirli, hali kashf etilmagan, ehtimol, umuman kashf etib bo’lmaydigan narsa. U makon va zamonda yashaydigan mavjudotlarning paydo bo’lishini ta’minlaydigan kuch, lekin o’zi makon va zamonga bo’ysunmaydi. Inson eng avvalo, ixtiyor etguvchi, istaguvchi, hirs qo’yguvchi va shundan keyingina bilguvchi, fikrlovchi mavjudot. Insonning yashashga bo’lgan ixtiyori, istagi g’oyatda kuchli, u yashash istagida yangidan-yangi ixtiyor iskanjasiga tushaveradi. Ixtiyor changalidan qutulish uchun odam barcha xohish-istaklardan yuz o’girmog’i kerak. Shunda u haqiqiy xotirjamlikka, istaksiz umrga erishadi. Buni Shopengauer budda dini bilan bog’liq holda izohlaydi. Bu dinning ba’zi g’oyalarini Shopengauer G’arb uchun bo’lajak model sifatida olib qaraydi. Chunonchi nirvanaga etishish g’oyasiga ixtiyor va tasavvurlar nuqtai nazaridan yondashadi. Shopengauer olamni Budda kabi ro’yo deb biladi. Shopengauer fikricha, insondagi xudbinlikni ijtimoiy tuzilmalarning o’zi yenga olmaydi, bu illatdan san’at yordamida qutulish mumkin. Shopengauer shafqat hissini axloqning asosi deb biladi. Shopengauer g’oyalari 20-asr falsafasidagi turli oqimlar \u2014 hayot falsafasi, psixoanaliz, intuitivizm va boshqalarga asos bo’ldi. Asosiy asarlari; “olam \u2014 ixtiyor va tasavvur sifatida” (1819-44), “Axloqshunoslikning ikki asosiy muammosi” (1837-39), “hayot maktabining hikmatlari” (1851). Abdulla Sher.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Shopengauer Artur (1788.22.2, Dantsig 1860.21.9, Frankfurtmayn) \u2014 nemis faylasufi. Gyottingen universitetida tabiatshunoslik va falsafani o’rgangan. Berlin universitetida privatdosent (1820-31). Shopengauer o’zini Gaitning shogirdi, izdoshi hisoblagan. Ayni paytda falsafiy qarashlari norasional … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[211],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sh-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"kr","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103331"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":103344,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103331\/revisions\/103344"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}