{"id":117913,"date":"2024-05-09T08:06:15","date_gmt":"2024-05-09T05:06:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/?p=117913"},"modified":"2024-05-09T08:06:18","modified_gmt":"2024-05-09T05:06:18","slug":"marganes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/marganes\/","title":{"rendered":"Marganes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Marganes (nem. Marganerz &#8211; marga- nes rudasi; lot. Manganum), Mn \u2014 Men- deleev davriy sistemasining VII guruh kimyoviy elementi. Tartib rakami 25, at. m. 54,9380. Tabiatda 1 ta barqaror izo- topi 55Mp ma&#8217;lum. Oksidlanish daraja- si +2 dan +7 gacha, birikmalaridan 2 va 7 valentliklari barqaror hisoblanadi. Poling bo&#8217;yicha elektr manfiyligi 2,5 ga teng. Ion radiusi (qavslarda koordi- nasion sonlar keltirilgan) mp2+ uchun 0,080 nm (4), 0,089 nm (5), 0,104 nm (7), Mp7+ uchun 0,039 nm (4), 0,060 nm (6). M.ni dastlab 1774 y. shved olimi K. She- ele aniqlagan. Sof holdagi Mn ni shved kimyogari yu. Gan ajratib olgan. M.ning er po&#8217;stidagi massa bo&#8217;yicha miqdori 0,1% atrofida, okean suvlari- da 2-10~7%. Tabiatda erkin holda uch- ramaydi, asosan, minerallar tarkibida bo&#8217;ladi. Pirolyuzit (}-MpO2, psilo- Melan TMO pmpo2xn2o [M=va, sa, K, MP (II)], manganit (J-MnOOH, braunit 3Mn2O3MnSiO3 va rodoxrozit Mpso3 lar shular jumlasidandir. Rossiya, JAR, Avstraliya, Gabon, Braziliya, Hindiston, Gana va b. davlatlarda rudalari mavjud. Tinch, Atlantika va Hind okeanlari- da temirmarganes konkre-tsiyalari ko&#8217;p tarqalgan. M. oqkumush rang metall, kristall holdagi 4 ta kubsimon modifikasiyasi ma&#8217;lum bo&#8217;lib, 710\u00b0 dan past xaroratlar- da a &#8211; shakldagisi barqaror hisoblanadi. \u2014 173\u00b0 dan pastda anti-ferromagnit, yuqori haroratlarda esa paramagnitdir. M. havoda engil oksidlanadi, 800\u00b0 dan yuqorida ichki qavati MPO tashqaridagi Mp3O4 dan iborat kuy- indini hosil qiladi. 800\u00b0 dan pastda Mp2O3, 450\u00b0 dan pastda esa MpO2 hrsil bo&#8217;ladi. 100 g M. 60 sm3 vodorodni yutib, qattiq eritma xrsil qiladi. Galogenlar b-n kristall holdagi digalogenidlar be- radi, qizdirilganda oltingu-gurt, azot, fosfor, uglerod, kremniy va b. element- lar b-n birikadi. M.ning MnN6, Mn5N2, Mn4N, MnN, Mn6N5, Mn3N2 tarkibli nitridlari, MPR, MnP3, Mn2P, MrijPj, Mn4P tarkibli fosfidlari, mp3s ko&#8217;rinishdagi karbidi va MnSi, MnSi17, Mn3Si, Mn5Si3 tarkibli silisidlari olingan. M. hozirgi vaktda metallotermiya usulida, sof holdagisi marganes sul- Fat MnSO4 ni qaytarib, elektroliz qilib olinadi. M.ning asosiy qismi po&#8217;lat i.ch.da, rangli metallurgiya sanoatida, alyumi- niy va magniy qotishmalari tayyorlash- da, korroziyaga qarshi ishlatiladigan qoplamalar tayyorlashda qo&#8217;llanadi. Inson organizmida M.ning mikdori sutkasiga 4 mg dan kamaysa, u kasal- lanadi, o&#8217;simliklarda etishmay qolsa, xloroz (xlorofill etishmovchiligi) ke- lib chiqadi. M. birikmalari zararli, jumladan, ular kishi asabini ishdan chiqaradi, changlarining uzok, vaqt davo &#8211; mida nafas yo&#8217;llariga kirishi surunkali zaharlanishga olib keladi. Ad.: Axmetov N. S ., Obtshaya i neorga- nicheskaya ximiya, M., 1981. Kudrat Axmerov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Marganes (nem. Marganerz &#8211; marga- nes rudasi; lot. Manganum), Mn \u2014 Men- deleev davriy sistemasining VII guruh kimyoviy elementi. Tartib rakami 25, at. m. 54,9380. Tabiatda 1 ta barqaror izo- &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/marganes\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[217],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-117913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-m-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"kr","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117913"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117913\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":117914,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117913\/revisions\/117914"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}