“Mahabharata” (“Bharata AV- lodlari jangnomasi”) \u2014 qad. Hind qahramonlik eposi. Dastlabki namuna- si mil. AV. 10-8-a.larda yuzaga kelgan “M.”25 ming misradan iborat she’riy qo’shiqlardir. Aytilishicha, u avval “prakrit” (xalq) tilida og’izdan og’izga ko’chib yurib, keyinchalik sanskrit ti- lida yozma adabiyotga kirib kelgan. Asar qahramonlaridan biri afsonaviy avliyo Vyasa uning muallifi sanaladi. Epos turli hajmdagi 18 kitobdan iborat bo’lib, hind adabiyotidagi an’anaviy syujet ichida syujet uslubida yaratilgan. “Harivansha” (“hariy sulolasi”) nom- li 19 kitob keyinchalik ilo-va sifati- da kiritilgan. “M.”dagi ba’zi rivoyat va qahramonlar Veda adabiyotida ham uchraydi. Syujetlar asosan afsona va rivoyatlardan iborat bo’lib, vaqt o’tishi b-n ular yangilanib, o’zgarib, asarning hajmi kattalashib borgan. Jumladan, “Shakuntala qissasi”, “Rama qissasi”, “Shiva haqidagi qissa”, “Nala qissasi”, “Shoh Shiva haqidagi qissa”, “Savi- triy qissasi” kabi rivoyatlar xalq og’zaki ijodidan kirib kelgan. Eposda Hindistondagi qad. Hastinapur (bugun- gi Dexli) davlatining shoqi Bharataning ettinchi avlodida (kavravlar va pandav- lar o’rtasida) taxt uchun bo’lib o’tgan buyuk janglar tarixi bayon etiladi. Undagi voqe-alar mil. AV. 2000 y.likning 2-yar- mida bo’lib o’tgan, deb taxmin qilinadi. Eposning hind xalqi hayotida muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanligining sabablari- dan yana biri shundaki, hinduizmning muqaddas kitobi bo’lmish “Bhagavadgita” (“Ilohiy qo’shiqlar”) ham aynan “M.\u00bb voqealari orqali shu kungacha etib kel- gan. Afsonalarga ko’ra, Xudo Vishnu hind xalqini razolat va zulmatdan ozod etish uchun cho’pon Krishna qiyofasida er yuziga tushadi va eposda adolat timso- li bo’lmish pandavlarning tog’asi si- fatida ularning g’alaba qozonishiga ko’maklashadi. “Bhagavadgita” esa Krish- naning Kuru maydonidagi buyuk jangdan AV-val besh aka-uka pandavlarning ik- kinchisi \u2014 Arjunga bergan diniy-fal- Safiy o’gitlaridir. “Bhagavadgita”dagi ma’bud Krishnaning so’zlari, u ko’tarib chiqqan g’oya bugungi hindu-izmning aso- siy qonunqoidalarini tashkil etadi. “M.”da tasvirlangan manzaralar, jang epizodlarining, asar personajla- rining badiiy ifodasi asrlar mobay- nida hind adiblarini ilhomlantirib keldi. Bugungi kunda Hindistonda har bir millatning o’z “M.”si mavjuddir. Jumladan, Andhra Pradesh xalqining “Andhra Mahabharati” eposi buyuk “M.”ning tarjimasi emas, balki and- xra xalqining “M.”eposidan ta’sir- lanib yaratgan yangi asaridir, shu bois uning nomi ham shtat nomi b-n bog’liq. Eposdagi syujetlarni Hindiston, Ma- layya, Indoneziya, Myanma, Shri Lanka va b. xalqdar milliy adabiyotida uchra- tish mumkin. J. Neru “M.”b-n “Ramaya- na” eposlarining adabiyotga ta’sirini baholab: “omma ongiga bu ikki asardek uzoq muddat davomida hamda chuqur ta’- sir qila olgan kitobni boshqa hech bir mamlakatda ko’rmadim”, \u2014 degan edi. “M.”ja-honning ko’pgina tillariga tar- jima qilingan, shu jumladan, “janglar qissasi. Mahabharata yoki Bharata avlod- lari jangnomasi” S. Yo’ldoshev tarji- masida o’zbek tilida chop etilgan (1970). Ad.: “Maxabxarata”, Adiparva, kn.1 [Per.s. sanskrita i komment. V. I. Ka- lyanova; pod Red. i poslesl. akad. A. P. Barannikova], M\u2014 L., 1950; Serebryakov I. D., Drevneindiyskaya literatura, M., 1971; “Mahabharata”, T., 1966. Ulfatxon Muhibova.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
“Mahabharata” (“Bharata AV- lodlari jangnomasi”) \u2014 qad. Hind qahramonlik eposi. Dastlabki namuna- si mil. AV. 10-8-a.larda yuzaga kelgan “M.”25 ming misradan iborat she’riy qo’shiqlardir. Aytilishicha, u avval “prakrit” (xalq) tilida … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[217],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-m-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"kr","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120154"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120154\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120162,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120154\/revisions\/120162"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}