Ionlar (Yun. ion \u2014 borayotgan, harakatlanayotgan) \u2014 zaryadlangan zarra- lar; atom yoki atomlar guruhi (moleku- lalar, radikallar va b.) elektron (yoki b. zaryadlangan zarra) qabul qilganda yo yo’qotganda hosil bo’ladi. “I.”tu- shunchasi va terminini 1834 y. da in- gliz olimi M. Faradey birinchi bo’lib tat-biq etgan. U ishqorlar, kislotalar, tuzlarning suvdagi eritmalari elektr o’tkazuvchanligi I. harakatiga bog’liq deb hisobladi. Eritmalarning manfiy qutb (katod)ga harakatlanadigan musbat za- ryadli I. kationlar, musbat qutb (anod) ga harakatlanadigan zaryadli I. anionlar deyiladi. I. zaryadining kattaligi elek- tron zaryadiga karrali nisbatdadir: mas, atom 1, 2, 3, … elektron yo’qotganda yoki kabul qilganda shunga mos ravishda 1, 2, 3 va h. k. zaryadli I. hosil bo’ladi. Elektrolit eritmasida I. erituvchi b-n o’zaro ta’sir etishi tufayli barqaror bo’ladi. I. mavjudligi sababli eritma- lar elektr tokini o’tkazadi (q. Elektro- litik dissosiasiya). Atomdan electron ajralib, kation hosil bo’layotganda ma’- lum miqdorda energiya sarflanadi va uni atomning ionlash potentsiali deyiladi. I. ning xossalari ularning kattaligi va elektron qobig’ining tuzilishiga, za-ryadning ishorasi hamda mikdoriga bog’liq. I. organizmda moddalar almashi- nuvi jarayonida faol qatnashadi. I. at-mosferada bo’ladigan o’zgarishlarda muhim rol o’ynaydi (q. Atmosfera elek- tri, ionosfera). Ad:Smirnov B. M., Kompleksnie ioni, M., 1983; Krestov G.A., Termodi- namika ionnix prosessov v rastvorax, 2 izd., L., 1984. Komil Tojiev.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ionlar (Yun. ion \u2014 borayotgan, harakatlanayotgan) \u2014 zaryadlangan zarra- lar; atom yoki atomlar guruhi (moleku- lalar, radikallar va b.) elektron (yoki b. zaryadlangan zarra) qabul qilganda yo yo’qotganda hosil bo’ladi. … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[199],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-130677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-i-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"kr","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=130677"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":130688,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/130677\/revisions\/130688"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=130677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=130677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=130677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}