TO’YINGAN UGLEVODORODLAR, alkanlar, parafinlar \u2014 uglevodorodlarning gomologik qatori, umumiy formulasi SpN2pQ2. asiklik birjmalar sinfiga mansub; eng oddiy vakili \u2014 metan SN4; bu qatordagi har qaysi keyingi a’zo o’zidan oldingi uglevoroddan SN2 guruh (gomolog) bilan farklanadi. Katorning boshlang’ich 4 a’zosining nomi \u2014 metan SN4, etan S2N6, propan S3N8, Butan S4N10; keyingi gomologlarning nomi yunoncha sanoq sonlar bilan ifodalanadi, mas., S5N]2\u2014 pentan, CgH]8\u2014 oktan, S|()N22\u2014dekan, S16N34\u2014 tsetan. Barcha T.u. ning nomiga “an” qo’shimchasi qo’shib aytiladi. T.u.ning molekulalaridagi uglerod atomlari bir-biriga oddiy bog’bilan bog’langan. Butangacha bo’lgan T.u. va neopentan \u2014 rangeiz gaz, S5N12 dan to S17N36 gacha \u2014suyuklik, undan keyingilari qattiq moddalardir. T. u. suvda erimaydi, ko’pchilik organik erituvchilarda yaxshi eriydi. T.u. kimyoviy jihatdan inert, shuning uchun ham ularga parafinlar deb nom berilgan. Lekin nisbatan qattiq sharoitda ulardagi vodorod atomlari boshqa atom va guruxlarga almashinishi mumkin; ana shu reakdiyalar asosida ko’pgina muhim sanoat mahsulotlari olinadi; chunonchi: T. u.ni xlorlab, metilxlorid, metilenxlorid, xloroform; nitrolab\u2014nitroparafinlar; kuyi T.u.ni oksidlab spirt, aldegid, keton va kislotalar olinadi. T. u.ni katalitik degidrogenlab olefinlar (propilen, butenlar), diolefinlar (butadien, izopren), izomerlab izobutan va izopentan hosil qilinadi. T.u. toshko’mir, yonuvchi slaneslarni haydab ham olinadi. T.u. neftda (5-60%), o’simliklarda, asalari mumida bo’ladi. Ozokerit deyarli yuqori T.u.dan iborat; tabiiy gazda 99% gacha metan bor. T.u. plastmassalar, sintetik kauchuk va tolalar, yuvuvchi moddalar olishda muhim xom ashyo hisoblanadi; erituvchilar sifatida qo’llanadi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
TO’YINGAN UGLEVODORODLAR, alkanlar, parafinlar \u2014 uglevodorodlarning gomologik qatori, umumiy formulasi SpN2pQ2. asiklik birjmalar sinfiga mansub; eng oddiy vakili \u2014 metan SN4; bu qatordagi har qaysi keyingi a’zo o’zidan oldingi uglevoroddan … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[187],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-t-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"kr","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131532"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131543,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131532\/revisions\/131543"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}