{"id":134136,"date":"2024-06-15T14:19:27","date_gmt":"2024-06-15T11:19:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/?p=134136"},"modified":"2024-06-15T14:19:30","modified_gmt":"2024-06-15T11:19:30","slug":"gliptika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/gliptika\/","title":{"rendered":"Gliptika"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Gliptika (Yun. qlypho \u2014 kesa- man) \u2014 qimmatbaho, yarim qimmatbaho toshlarga naqsh yoki tasvir o&#8217;yish san&#8217;a &#8211; ti; amaliy bezak san&#8217;ati turi. G. asari Gemma qadimdan muhr (egalik belgisi), tumor va taqinchoq vazifasini o&#8217;tagan. Mil. AV. 4-ming yillikda Mesopota- miya, qad. Misr, G&#8217;arbiy Osiyoda vujud- ga kelgan, Yunoniston, qad. Rimda yuk- sak taraqqiy etgan. Gemma tasvirlari (hayvon va qushlar, Xudo va qahramonlar qiyofasi, afsonaviy sahnalar) ixcham kompozisiyasi b-n ajralib turadi. O&#8217;rta asrlarda g. asosan Sharqda ri- vojlangan. Vizantiyada qad. an&#8217;analar saqlangani holda tekis yuzali, keyin- chalik uslublashtirilgan shakllarga aylangan nafis chizmaga moyillik xos. Musulmon sharqida yozuvli Gemma (Inta- liya)lar keng tarqalgan; husnixatli nozik matnlar Xitoy muhrlarini bezagan. Evro- pada Uyg&#8217;onish davrida g. yanada rivojla- nadi, kad. G.dan nusxa ko&#8217;chirish b-n birga G.da zamondoshlarning portretlari ham yaratiladi, etakchi o&#8217;rinda Italiya ustala- ri turadi (V. Belli, J. Bernardi va b.). O&#8217;rta Osiyodan topilgan arxeologik to- pilmalar (O&#8217;zbekiston xalqlari tarixi muzeyida saqlanayotgan g. namunalari) da hukmdorlarning tasvirlari, shuning- dek, o&#8217;simlik, hayvonlarning shakllari ishlangan tamg&#8217;alar bo&#8217;lib, yunon g.siga taklidan tayyorlangan. Bunday G. asar- lari Kavkaz, Eron, Afg&#8217;oniston, shim. Hindistondan ham topilgan. Islom dini tarqalganidan keyin tasvirlar o&#8217;rnini naqsh va yozuvlar egallagan. O&#8217;zbekistan hududidan uzuk ko&#8217;zi yoki munchoq sifati- da ishlangan qad. G. namunalari (Afro- Siyob, mil. AV. 6-5-a.lar, jumladan toj kiygan erkak tasviri) topilgan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gliptika (Yun. qlypho \u2014 kesa- man) \u2014 qimmatbaho, yarim qimmatbaho toshlarga naqsh yoki tasvir o&#8217;yish san&#8217;a &#8211; ti; amaliy bezak san&#8217;ati turi. G. asari Gemma qadimdan muhr (egalik belgisi), tumor &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/gliptika\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[210],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-134136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-g-harfi-2","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"kr","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=134136"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134147,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134136\/revisions\/134147"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=134136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=134136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=134136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}