Abd \u2013 (arabcha-qul, banda) \u2013 keng ma\u2019noda \u201cqul\u201d tushunchasi; shuningdek, majoziy ma\u2019noda aksariyat, musulmonlar ismining tarkibiy qismi (masalan, Abdurahmon, Abdurahim va boshqalar). Allohning quli, bandasi ma\u2019nosini bildiradi. Qullikni islom e\u2019tirof etgan bo\u2019lsa-da, biroq xojadan qulga nisbatan yaxshi insoniy muomalada bo\u2019lish talab qilingan. O\u2019z ixtiyori bilan qulni ozod qilish eng go\u2019zal solih amallardan sanalib, u yetim yoki kambag\u2019alni ocharchilik paytida yedirib-ichirganlik savobiga erishadi. Shuning uchun jinoyat sodir etilganda, jinoyatchi uni qul ozod qilish orqali yuvgan, masalan, musulmon ichgan qasamni buzsa yoxud ataylab ro\u2019zasini ochib yuborsa qul ozod qilgan. Ozod qilinganlik yozma ravishda qayd etiladi. Muhammad (s.a.v.)ning 20 nafar (ismlari ma\u2019lum) qullari bo\u2019lib, u zot ularni turli vaqtlarda ozod etganlar; Muhammad (s.a.v.)ning ikki ayollari qul-cho\u2019rilardan bo\u2019lishgan va ularning har ikkisini ozod qilganlar. Islom huquqida barcha musulmonlar erkin, ozod hisoblanib, ular musulmon davlatlarida qul qilinishi, jumladan, qarzi evaziga qulga aylantirilishi mumkin emas. Masalan, hanafiylikka ko\u2019ra, go\u2019dak musulmonlar yashaydigan yurtdan topilgan bo\u2019lsa, u musulmon va erkin sanaladi. Kimda-kim dalillarsiz uni qul deb da\u2019vo qilsa, qabul qilinmaydi. Biroq qulning islom diniga kirishi uning o\u2019z-o\u2019zidan erkin, ozod bo\u2019lganligini anglatmaydi. Agar cho\u2019ri hojadan farzand ko\u2019rsa (xoja uni o\u2019ziniki deb tan olsa), cho\u2019ri umm avlodga aylangan va ayrim imtiyozlarni qo\u2019lga kiritgan. Agar hojanig ozod xotini bo\u2019lmasa, u cho\u2019riga uylanishi, cho\u2019ri esa ozod ayolga nisbatan yarim huquqqa ega bo\u2019lishi mumkin edi. Uning farzandlari erkin hisoblangan, ya\u2019ni bolalar otaga merosxo\u2019r bo\u2019lgan. Shu bois cho\u2019ridan tarqalganlik shaxsning sha\u2019niga dog\u2019 tushirmagan. Ko\u2019pchilik xalifalar (masalan, Horun ar-Rashid) cho\u2019rilarning farzandlari bo\u2019lishgan. Qullar hojalarining roziligi bilan oila qurishgan, bu hatto Qur\u2019onda ham tavsiya etilgan. Ajralish uchun xojaning roziligini olish shart emas, hatto xoja o\u2019z qullarining nikohini bekor qilishga haqqi bo\u2019lmagan. Diniy jihatdan musulmon qul erkin musulmonlar bilan teng sanalgan, biroq juma namozida bo\u2019lish hamda zakot to\u2019lash va sadaqa berish uning uchun majburiy hisoblanmagan. Bordi-yu, namoz paytida imomlikka erkin musulmon topilmasa, qul imomlik qilolgan, lekin bironta ham diniy mansab (qozilik, muhtasiblik, imomlik)ni egallashi mumkin bo\u2019lmagan. Islom davlatlarida qulchilik 20-asr o\u2019rtalarigacha saqlanib kelgan. Jazoirda-1848 yil, Markaziy Osiyoda 1865-73 yillarda rasman, amalda esa 20-asr 1-choragida, Afg\u2019oniston, Eron, Iroqda-1923-29 yillarda, Saudiya Arabistonida-20-asrning 70-yillarida bekor qilingan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Abd \u2013 (arabcha-qul, banda) \u2013 keng ma\u2019noda \u201cqul\u201d tushunchasi; shuningdek, majoziy ma\u2019noda aksariyat, musulmonlar ismining tarkibiy qismi (masalan, Abdurahmon, Abdurahim va boshqalar). Allohning quli, bandasi ma\u2019nosini bildiradi. Qullikni islom e\u2019tirof … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":152644,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[977],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-152656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-harfiga-oid-islomga-oid-ensiklopediya","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"kr","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=152656"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":152657,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152656\/revisions\/152657"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/152644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=152656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=152656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=152656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}