TAMIL ADABIYOTI – Janubiy Hindistondagi Tamilnad shtati xalqining adabiyoti. Tamil adabiyoti sanskrit adabiyoti ta’siri ostida milodiy 1-ming yillikda shakllangan. Tamil tilidagi dastlabki (1-3-asrlar) yozma yodgorliklar \u2014 “Ettutoxey” (“sakkiz to’plam”), “Pattuppattu” (“o’n qo’shiq kitobi”) nazmda yaratilgan bo’lib, ular “sangi she’riyati” deyiladi. Unda “porul” (poetik mazmun) o\u2019zini 2 xil: “puram” (“tashki ma’no”) va “axam” (“ichki ma’no”) tarzida namoyon etadi. “Puram”da Tamil xalqining kundalik muammolari, kaxramonliklari, Odil shoh madhiyasi, ba’zan harbiylar kuylangan. “Axam”da esa sevgi, oilaviy munosabatlar ko’proq aks etgan. She’riyatda (6-12-asrlar) “tiney” (“turlar”) toifasidagi to’plamlar ko’p yaratilgan. Masalan, “Aintiney ejubadi” (“besh mavzuli tineyga 70 ta she’r”) yoki “Tineymaley nuttraimbadi” (“Tiney mavzusiga yuz ellikta she’r gulchambari”) va boshqalr. “Tirukural” (“Muqaddas kurallar”, 6-asr) va “Naladiyar” (“To’rtliklar”, 6\u2014 9-asr) din, hayot va sevgi mavzusidagi aforizmli she’riy to’plamlardir. 13-asrlarga kelib Tamil adabiyoti rivojlanib, hikmatli so’zlar, chuqur ma’noli she’rlardan iborat to’plamlar yaratilib, she’riy tarjimai hol janri shakllandi. Shivaizmga oid risolalardan Meykandarning “Sivanyanapodam” (“shivaizm haqida ilmlar”) to’plami mashhurdir. Bu davrda “talapuranam” (“mahalliy Puranlar”) janri keng tus oldi. 19-asrga kelib ijtimoiy-madaniy hayotda ko’tarilish bo’ldi, ma’rifatparvarlik g\u2019oyalari o’sdi, birinchi Tamil jurnali “Tamil patrika” (1831) va “Svadesamittiran” (1880) gazeta nashr etildi. Tamil naslchiligining otasi, shrilankalik yozuvchi Arumugu navarala (1823-79) ham shu davrga mansub bo’lib, u 1-sinflar uchun Tamil tilida qo’llanma yozgan. Birinchi Tamil romani “Mudalnyor Pratan tarixi” (1879) muallifi S. Vedayanagam Pillai (1826-89) hamda A. Madaviya (1874-1926), Mareinmaleya Adigal (1876-1950) va boshqa yozuvchilar Tamil romanini mavzu va g’oyaviy jihatdan yuqori pog’onaga ko’tardilar. S. Ayer (1881 \u2014 1925) va boshqaning dastlabki asarlarida xalqning kolonializmga qarshi kayfiyatlari bayon etilgan. Natesa Sastiri (1859-1906) detektiv hikoyaga, Rajam Ayyar (1872-98) publitsistikaga asos solgan. Dastlabki Tamil roman va hikoyalarida ma’rifatparvarlik g’oyalari, romantik motivlar ustun bo’lib, ayollarga past nazar bilan qarash qoralangan. 20-asr Tamil she’riyatida Suppiramaniya baradi (1882-1921) ijodi o’ziga xos o’rin tutgan (“Milliy qo’shiqlar”, 1908; “tush”, 1910; “Baradining 66 she’ri”, 1917 va boshqalar). Keyingi davr Tamil adabiyoti taraqqiyotida M. Baradarajanning (1912) “ko’mir bo’lagi”, Lakshmining (1912) “ayol qalbi” romanlari, Jagannadan (1906) va g. Ajahirisamining (1923) hikoyalari, B.S. Ramayyaning (1905) dramalari katta rol o’ynadi. Ad.: Bo’chixina L. V., Dubyanskiy A. M. Tamilskaya literatura, M., 1987. Ulfatxon Muhibova.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
TAMIL ADABIYOTI – Janubiy Hindistondagi Tamilnad shtati xalqining adabiyoti. Tamil adabiyoti sanskrit adabiyoti ta’siri ostida milodiy 1-ming yillikda shakllangan. Tamil tilidagi dastlabki (1-3-asrlar) yozma yodgorliklar \u2014 “Ettutoxey” (“sakkiz to’plam”), “Pattuppattu” … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15012,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[187],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-t-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"kr","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29519"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29520,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29519\/revisions\/29520"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15012"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}