FIXTE (FICHTE) IOGANN GOTLIB (1762.19.5, Rammenau 1814.29.1, Berlin) \u2014 nemis faylasufi, jamoat arbobi. Yena va Leypsig universitetlarida o’qigan. Yena (179499), Berlin (1810 yildan) universitetlarining professor 1798 yilda Fixte o’zini asossiz ravishda g’oyaviy o’zboshimchalikda ayblanganliklariga norozilik sifati universitetni tark etdi. 1810 yilda u Berlinda yangi tashkil etilgan Oliy maktabning birinchi rektori etib saylandi. “Nemis millatiga qaratilgan nutqlar”i (1808) da nemis xalqini axloqiy jihatdan uyg’otishga va birlashishga da’vat etgan. Kantning “narsa o’zida”sini inkor qilgan. Fixte o’z falsafiy ta’limotini tanqidiylik deb atagan. Fixte ta’limoticha, “tanqidiy falsafa”ning ibtidosi tafakkur qiluvchi “men”dir. Undan sezgi va tafakkurning butun mazmunini aniqlash mumkin. Fixte “Men”ga hamma narsani yaratuvchi qudratli ijodiy kuch sifatida qaradi. “Men” uchun ikki tomonlama \u2014 amaliy va nazariy faoliyat xos. Fixte fikricha, sof “men” g’ayrihissiy, abadiy; empirik “men” esa hissiy, vaqtincha. Oddiy individning empirik “men”iga sof “men”ni qarama-qarshi qo’yadi. Uning fikricha, sof “men” alohida kishining ongi emas, balki hamma kishilar ongining asosini, mohiyatini tashkil etuvchi sof reallikdir; uning mohiyati faoliyatida, o’zo’zini barqaror etishda. Fixte ta’limoticha, insoniyat parokandalik va buzuklik davrlaridan o’tib, dastlabki begunoxlik holatidan aql hukmronligiga ko’chadi. Fixtening xizmati shundaki, u insonning aqlli “men” ini, uning faol bunyodkorlik qobiliyatini yuqori ko’tardi. Asosiy asarlari: “umumiy fan ta’limining asoslari” (1794), “Axloqiylik haqidagi ta’limot tizimi” (1794), “tilga qobiliyat va tilning kelib chiqishi to’g’risida” (1795) va boshqalar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
FIXTE (FICHTE) IOGANN GOTLIB (1762.19.5, Rammenau 1814.29.1, Berlin) \u2014 nemis faylasufi, jamoat arbobi. Yena va Leypsig universitetlarida o’qigan. Yena (179499), Berlin (1810 yildan) universitetlarining professor 1798 yilda Fixte o’zini asossiz … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38910,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[200],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-f-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"kr","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55271"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55273,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55271\/revisions\/55273"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/kr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}