{"id":106141,"date":"2023-09-14T14:55:01","date_gmt":"2023-09-14T11:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/?p=106141"},"modified":"2023-09-14T14:55:08","modified_gmt":"2023-09-14T11:55:08","slug":"roman-uslubi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/roman-uslubi\/","title":{"rendered":"Roman uslubi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Roman uslubi \u2014 Yevropa (asosan, G&#8217;arbiy Yevropa) san&#8217;atida 10-asrdan 12-13-asrlargacha hukm surgan badiiy uslub. Bu davr san&#8217;atida qadimgi Rim madaniyati va me&#8217;morligida qadimgi Rim me&#8217;morligi uslub va unsurlaridan keng foydalanilgan (&#171;roman&#187; iborasi shartli bo&#8217;lib, &#171;rimniki&#187; ma&#8217;nosini anglatadi). Roman uslubi (termin 19-asr 20-yillaridan ishlatila boshlangan) Yevropada xristian diniy tizimining mustahkamlanishi va yoyilishi bilan bog&#8217;liq holda rivojlandi, shuning uchun markazlari monastirlar bo&#8217;lib, quruvchi, haykaltarosh va toshtaroshlari esa monaxlar edi. 11-asr oxiridan sayyor quruvchilar sobor, monastir, cherkov, qo&#8217;rg&#8217;on va qasrlar qurib Roman uslubini yaratdilar. Binolar toshdan qurilgan (bazilika turi asosiy o&#8217;rinni egallaydi), tuzilishining asosini minora tashkil etadi, uning atrofidagi geometrik shakllar (kub, prizma, tsilindr va boshqalar) binoning yaxlit majmuini hosil qiladi. Roman uslubi me&#8217;morligiga antik san&#8217;at, Vizantiya hamda Arab mamlakatlari san&#8217;ati sezilarli ta&#8217;sir ko&#8217;rsatgan, yuzaga kelgan me&#8217;morlik maktablari yagona tamoyillarga bo&#8217;ysungan. Bu binolar tarhi va tuzilishida, bezaklar shakli va mazmunida ko&#8217;rinadi. Roman uslubi Frantsiya, Germaniya me&#8217;morligida yorkin namoyon bo&#8217;lgan. Jumladan, Notr dam la Grant ibodatxonasi (11 \u201412-asrlar) ko&#8217;rinishi birmuncha past, uch nefli (o&#8217;rtadagi nefi yonidagilardan birmuncha baland), tosh devorlar kalin, undagi kichik tor darchalar devor qalinligini bo&#8217;rttirib, salobatini oshiradi, bino (ichki va tashqi devorlari) rassomlik va haykaltaroshlik asarlari bilan bezatilgan. Dastlab devoriy rasmlarga keng o&#8217;rin berilgan, 11-asr oxiri \u2014 12-asr boshlaridan ibodatxonalar bezagida monumental releflar yetakchi o&#8217;rin egallaydi; bino peshtoqi va old tarzida, ichki bezaklardan ustun va uning kapitelida keng ishlatilgan. Roman uslubida vitraj ham o&#8217;z o&#8217;rniga ega bo&#8217;lgan. Amaliy san&#8217;atda kitob miniatyurasi rivojlandi. Yevropaning ko&#8217;pgina mamlakatlarida miniatyura maktablari (rassomlar) shakllandi, yaratilgan asarlar mustaqil asar sifatida ahamiyatga egadir. Jumladan, frantsuz rassomlari aka-uka Limburglar 60 dan ortiq miniatyuralarda yil fasllari, qishloq xo\u2019jaligi bilan band kishilarning hayotini jonli ifodalagan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Roman uslubi \u2014 Yevropa (asosan, G&#8217;arbiy Yevropa) san&#8217;atida 10-asrdan 12-13-asrlargacha hukm surgan badiiy uslub. Bu davr san&#8217;atida qadimgi Rim madaniyati va me&#8217;morligida qadimgi Rim me&#8217;morligi uslub va unsurlaridan keng foydalanilgan &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/roman-uslubi\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-r-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106141"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":106155,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106141\/revisions\/106155"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}