{"id":111487,"date":"2023-10-17T16:14:17","date_gmt":"2023-10-17T13:14:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/?p=111487"},"modified":"2023-10-17T16:14:21","modified_gmt":"2023-10-17T13:14:21","slug":"olcha-olivoli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/olcha-olivoli\/","title":{"rendered":"Olcha, olivoli"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Olcha, olivoli (Cerasus) \u2014 Ra&#8217;nodoshlar oilasiga mansub barg to&#8217;kuvchi daraxtlar turkumi; mevali daraxt, 150 ga yaqin turi bor. Asosan, Osiyoda, shu jumladan, O&#8217;rta Osiyo va Kavkazda 25 ga yaqin turi usadi. Madaniy turlaridan oddiy Olcha (C.vulgaris) ko&#8217;p tarqalgan. Juda qadimdan Markaziy va Janubiy Yevropada, Shimoliy Afrika, Sharqiy Osiyo, shimoliy Amerikada ekiladi. O&#8217;zbekistonda Olchaning maxaleb Olchasi yoki kamxastak (C.mahaleb), qizilmevali Olcha yoki chiya (toshchiya) (S. erythrocarpa Neski.) yovvoyi turlari adir va tog&#8217;yon bag&#8217;irlarida uchraydi. Oddiy Olcha daraxtining bo&#8217;yi 6-7 metr, sovuqqa, qurg&#8217;oqchilikka chidamli, unumdor tuproqlarda yaxshi o&#8217;sadi va mo&#8217;l hosil beradi, 30\u2014 40 yil (ba&#8217;zan 100 yilgacha) yashaydi. Mevasi mayda, dumaloq, danakli, suvli, nordon, och qizildan to&#8217;q qizilgacha. Olcha meva bandining uzunligi bilan boshqa danakli mevalardan farq qiladi. Tarkibida 7,3\u201414,5% qand, 0,8\u20142,4% organik kislotalar, 0,15\u20140,88% oshlovchi moddalar, S, V2, V9 vitaminlar va boshqalar mavjud. Yangiligida yeyiladi, konservalar, murabbo, jem, vino, qandolat mahsulotlari tayyorlanadi. Hosildorligi 100 ts\/ga. Mevasi may\u2014 iyunda pishib yetiladi. Olcha danagidan, iddiz bachkisidan hamda payvandlab ko&#8217;paytiriladi. Ekilgandan so&#8217;ng 3-4-yili hosilga kiradi, 6-7-yili yaxshi hosil beradi. Olchaga qisqa tanali qilib, siyrak pog&#8217;onali shakl beriladi. O&#8217;zbekistonda Olchaning griot, lyubskaya 15, Podbelskaya, Samarqand, Turgenevka, Qora shpanka navlari ekiladi (2003). Zararkunandalari: olcha arrakashi, olcha uzunburuni, bitlar, olcha pashshasi va boshqalar. Kasalliklari: meva chirishi, klyasterosporioz, kokkomikoz, tsitosporoz va boshqalar. Ad.: Leyn A. N., Olcha va gilos, T., 1962; Ribakov A. A., Ostrouxova S. A., O&#8217;zbekiston mevachiligi, T., 1967.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Olcha, olivoli (Cerasus) \u2014 Ra&#8217;nodoshlar oilasiga mansub barg to&#8217;kuvchi daraxtlar turkumi; mevali daraxt, 150 ga yaqin turi bor. Asosan, Osiyoda, shu jumladan, O&#8217;rta Osiyo va Kavkazda 25 ga yaqin turi &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/olcha-olivoli\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[225],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-o-harfi-2","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111487"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111487\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":111502,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111487\/revisions\/111502"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}