{"id":123117,"date":"2024-05-12T19:52:32","date_gmt":"2024-05-12T16:52:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/?p=123117"},"modified":"2024-05-12T19:52:40","modified_gmt":"2024-05-12T16:52:40","slug":"kamon-kamalak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/kamon-kamalak\/","title":{"rendered":"Kamon, kamalak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Kamon, kamalak, ey, o&#8217;q-yoy \u2014 mezolit davrida (mil. AV. 10-5 ming yillik) ibtidoiy ovchilar tomonidan ixtiro qilinib, 17-a.gacha ba&#8217;zi joy- larda 20-a.gacha qo&#8217;llanilgan ov va jang quroli. Hamma xalq va qabilalarda (Av- straliya va Mikroneziyadan tashqari) qo&#8217;llanilgan. K.ning ixtiro qilinishi kishilik tarixida ulkan yutuq bo&#8217;lgan. U ibtidoiy odamlarning parranda va dar- randalarni ovlashda juda qo&#8217;l kelgan. K. aslini olganda inson tomonidan ixtiro etilgan birinchi mexanizm edi. K. engil- ligi, qulayligi, mo&#8217;ljalga bexato uri- shi hamda tez otishi jihatidan o&#8217;zidan oldin ishlatib kelingan itqitiladigan diskdan ustun turgan. K.ning keng tarqalishi ibtidoiy ovchilikning yana- da taraqqiy etishiga imkon berdi, ovchi- larning kundalik mehnatini engillash- tirdi, ularga ozmi-ko&#8217;pmi oziq-ovqatni g&#8217;amlab olishlariga imkon tug&#8217;dirdi. K. 2 qismdan iborat: egma cho&#8217;p; Tirkash. K.ning egma cho&#8217;pi sariq tol, sambit, yovvoyi jiyda va jing&#8217;il shoxidan yasa- lib, uning ikki uchiga ba&#8217;zan suyak yoki qimmatli metall qoplangan. K.ning tirkashi, asosan, paydan qilingan. K.ning 2 xili mavjud: oddiy K.; mu- rakkab K. Oddiy K. yarim doyra shakli- da. Murakkab K. esa yoyilgan qo&#8217;sh qanot shaklida. Murakkab K. asrlar davomida takomillashib borgan. Asosan, Sharq xalqlari qo&#8217;llagan. Murakkab K. O&#8217;rta Osiyo xalklariga mil. AV. 1-ming yil- likdan ma&#8217;lo&#8217;m. U O&#8217;rta Osiyo xalqlari harbiy texnikasida so&#8217;nggi o&#8217;rta asrlarga qadar eng muhim jangovar qurol vazifa- sini bajarib kelgan. Xunnular davrida (mil. AV. 3-a.) turkiy qavmlar K. o&#8217;qini otganda hushtak tovushini eslatuvchi yangi turini ixtiro etishgan; hunnular saltanatini vujudga kelishida uning roli katta bo&#8217;lgan. Manbalarga ko&#8217;ra, o&#8217;rta asrlarda K. o&#8217;qi 500-600 m.dan ziyod ma- sofaga etgan. Qadimdan hozirgacha K.dan o&#8217;q otish sportning muhim turlaridan biri bo&#8217;lib musobaqalar uyushtiriladi. Musobaqalarda K. o&#8217;qi 900 m gacha maso- faga borgan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kamon, kamalak, ey, o&#8217;q-yoy \u2014 mezolit davrida (mil. AV. 10-5 ming yillik) ibtidoiy ovchilar tomonidan ixtiro qilinib, 17-a.gacha ba&#8217;zi joy- larda 20-a.gacha qo&#8217;llanilgan ov va jang quroli. Hamma xalq va &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/kamon-kamalak\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[201],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-k-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=123117"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123134,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123117\/revisions\/123134"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=123117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=123117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=123117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}