Son \u2014 narsalarni sanash, mikdorni belgilash uchun qo’llaniladigan matema- tik vosita; mat.ning asosiy tushunchala- ridan biri. Narsalarni sanashga bo’lgan ehtiyoj tufayli eng sodda ko’rinishda ibtidoiy jamoa davrida vujudga kelgan, insoniyat faoliyati doirasining kengay- ishi bilan takomillashgan. Dastlab, bu- tun musbat (natural) S.lar, keyinchalik cheksiz natural S.lar qatori (1, 2, 3, 4, 5…) tushunchasi kelib chikdi. Natural va tub S.lar qatorlarining cheksizligi xam- da etarlicha katta S.larni nomlash, bel- gilash masalalari mil. AV. 3-a.dayoq yunon matematiklari Evklid va Arximedning asarlarida taxdil qilingan. S. ustidagi to’rt amal qoidalarini o’rganish bilan arifmetika shug’ullanadi. S. tushuncha- sining takomillashishi kasr S. tushun- chasini kiritish bilan boshlandi. Kasr S. biror mikdorni o’lchash, ya’ni bu mik- dorni boshqa bir miqdor \u2014 o’lchov bilan taqkrslash natijasida kelib chiqqan. S. tushunchasining keyingi takomillashi- shi fan rivojining natijasidir. Mas, algebraning taraqqiyoti manfiy sonlar tushunchasiga olib keldi. 6-12 a.larda hindlar masalalar echishda manfiy son- larni qo’llagan edilar. S. tushunchasi- ning rivojlanishiga o’rta asr Shark, ma- tematiklari ham katta hissa qo’shdilar. Evropada manfiy S.larni birinchi Mar- ta R. Dekart (17-a.) kiritdi. Hamma bu- tun, kasr (musbat ham manfiy) S.lar va nol \u2014 rasional S.lar deyiladi. Uzluk- siz ravishda o’zgaradigan miqdorlarni o’rganish uchun irrasional S. tushunchasi kiritiladi. 18-19-a.larda algebrada tenglamalar nazariyasining rivojlani- shi kompleks S. tushunchasiga olib keldi. S. tushunchasini va uning xossalarini 19-a.da nemis matematiklari g. Kantor, R. Dedekind, K. Veyershtrass va Itali- yalik matematik J. Peano o’z ishlarida to’la asoslab berdilar (yana q. Pi soni, Algebraik sonlar, rasional sonlar, Kompleks sonlar). Ad.: Matematika, eyo Soderjanie, metodo’i znachenie: t, 1, M., 1956; Depman I. Ya., Istoriya arifmeti- ki, M, 1965; Matvievskaya g. P., Uchenie o chisle na srednevekovom Blijnem i Srednem Vostoke, T., 1967; Feferman S, Chislovo’e sistemo’, Per, s angl., M., 1971.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Son \u2014 narsalarni sanash, mikdorni belgilash uchun qo’llaniladigan matema- tik vosita; mat.ning asosiy tushunchala- ridan biri. Narsalarni sanashga bo’lgan ehtiyoj tufayli eng sodda ko’rinishda ibtidoiy jamoa davrida vujudga kelgan, insoniyat … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[206],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-124962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-s-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=124962"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":124971,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124962\/revisions\/124971"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=124962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=124962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=124962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}