Kastalar (asli lot. \u2014 toza, san- skritcha jati) \u2014 kishilarning biqiq endogam guruhi. K. o’ziga xos social vazifalarni bajarish, merosiy kasb- hunarlar b-n shug’ullanish natijasida ajraladiki, bu hol muayyan etnik, ba’- zan diniy mushtaraklikka mansublik b-n bog’liq bo’lishi mumkin. K. baland-past tabaqalar hosil qiladi, ular o’rtasidagi munosabatlarda qat’iy cheklanishlar mavjud. Arxaik K. (tabaqaviy yoki so- tsial darajalar) bir qancha qad. va o’rta asr jamiyatlari (kad. Misr, Hindiston, Peru va b.) da bulgan. Hindistonda hinduizmda, asosan, odamlarning muay- Yan belgiga ko’ra guruhlarga bo’linishi yalpi tus olgan. Hindistonda 20-a.ning 40-y.larida 3,5 ming K. va kichik K. bor edi. O’rta asrlarda Hindistonda K. bir necha pog’onani hosil qilgan: eng yuqori pog’ona \u2014 brahmanlar va harbiy er ega- larining K.i yirik va o’rtahol mulkdor- lardan tashkil topgan; ulardan quyiroq pog’onani savdogar-sudxo’rlar egalla- gan; bulardan keyingi pog’onadagi za- mindorlar kastasi mayda mulkdorlar va dehqonlar bo’lib, jamoaning to’la huqukli a’zolari hisoblanishgan, yana- da quyi pog’onaga ko’p sonli ersiz va to’la huquqqa ega bo’lmagan dehqonlar, hunarmandlar va xizmatkorlar kirgan; ularning eng past qatlami huquqsiz va eng ezilgan «hazar qilinganlar» (pariyalar)ning K.idir. Hindiston Konstitusiyasi (1950) K. tengligi va «hazar qilinganlar»ning yuridik teng huquqliligini e’tirof etdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kastalar (asli lot. \u2014 toza, san- skritcha jati) \u2014 kishilarning biqiq endogam guruhi. K. o’ziga xos social vazifalarni bajarish, merosiy kasb- hunarlar b-n shug’ullanish natijasida ajraladiki, bu hol muayyan etnik, … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[201],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-128295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-k-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128295","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=128295"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128295\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":128303,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128295\/revisions\/128303"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=128295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=128295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=128295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}