Gravyura (Frans. gravure, graver \u2014 o’yish) \u2014 biror qattiq: metall, yog’och va b. yuzasiga o’yib tasvir ishlash san’- ati, grafika turi. Shu usulda ishlangan asar va undan bosma usulida ko’chirilgan nusxa ham g. deb ataladi. Zamin tas- virdan maxsus asboblar yoki kimyoviy vositalar yordamida o’yib (2-5 mm) chuqurlashtiriladi’, shu tarzda bo’rtma tasvir hosil qilinadi, bu usul ko’proq yog’och (ksilografiya) va linoleum (linogra- vyura)tn foydalanilganda qo’llaniladi; tasvir zamindan chuqurlashtirilib o’yma tasvir hosil qilinadi, bu usul asosan metall (mis, jez, rux va b.) plastina- lardan foydalanilganda (g.ning bir- biridan farq qiluvchi akvatinta, messo- Tinto, ofort, quruq igna va b. turlarida) qo’llaniladi. G. bir xil bo’yokda, shuning- dek, turli rangdagi bo’yoqlarda bo’yalishi, undan ko’plab nusxa ko’chirilishi, ifo- da imkoniyatlarining kengligi b-n ahamiyatlidir. Mustaqil ahamiyatga ega bo’lgan dastgoh g.si (estamp) va ki- tob, gazeta, jurnallarda bezak (illyu- strasiya) vazifasini o’taydigan kitob G.si keng rivojlangan. G.ning vujudga kelishi va rivoji hunarmandlikning taraqqiyoti b-n bog’liq: yog’och g. matolar- ni bo’yash, gul bosishda, metall g. esa zar- garlikda qadimdan keng qo’llanilgan. Dastlab Xitoyda qog’ozga g. ko’chirish (6-7-a.lar) paydo bo’lgan, Evropa- da 14-15-a.larda rivojlangan (qo’lda bo’yalgan diniy mazmundagi g.lar mo- nastirlarda sotilgan). Rossiyada 16-a. dan ma’lum bo’lgan. Rembrandt, F. Goyya, I. E. Repin va b. mashhur san’atkorlar G.ning ajoyib namunalarini yaratgan. O’zbekistonda V. Kaydalov, K. Basharov, A. Tsiglintsev, N. Xolikrv va boshqalar G.da asarlar yaratgan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gravyura (Frans. gravure, graver \u2014 o’yish) \u2014 biror qattiq: metall, yog’och va b. yuzasiga o’yib tasvir ishlash san’- ati, grafika turi. Shu usulda ishlangan asar va undan bosma usulida ko’chirilgan … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[210],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-g-harfi-2","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131086","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131086"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131086\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":131094,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131086\/revisions\/131094"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131086"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131086"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}