Tupiguarani tillari — Jan. Amerikadagi indeys tillarining eng yirik oilalaridan biri. Braziliya, Paragvay va Boliviyada, qisman Argentina va Gvianada tarqalgan 50 dan ortiq tilni qamrab oladi. So’zlashuvchilarning umumiy soni 4 mln.ga yaqin kishini tashkil etadi. T.g.t. oilasi 7 asosiy guruhga bo’linadi: tupiguarani, yuruna, arikem, tupari, ramarama, Monde va purubora. Ushbu tillar fonologik tizimi unli tovushlarning ketma-ket kelishi kam uchrashi bilan ajralib turadi. T.g.t . morfologiyasi agglyutinativ xususiyatga ega, suffiksasiyaga nisbatan prefiksasiya rivojlangan. Otlarda so’z o’zgarishi chegaralangan, kelishik bilan o’zgarish mavjud emas. Ot yasalishi fe’l yasalishiga qaraganda ustunlik qiladi. Sintaksisda fe’l kesim keng qo’llanadi. So’z tartibi sub’ekt\u2014ob’ekt \u2014 predikat ko’rinishda bo’ladi. Leksikasida ispan tilidan o’zlashgan so’zlar ko’p. Dastlabki yozma yodgorliklari 17-a. boshlariga mansub (guarani tilidagi kattagina matn 1607 y.da lotin grafikasida yozilgan). Tupi tili uchun ham lotin grafikasi asosida yozuv yaratilgan. 20-a. o’rtalarida Braziliyadagi ushbu oilaga kiruvchi bir qancha mayda tillar uchun yozuv yaratish yo’lidagi urinishlar kutilgan natija bermadi. T.g.t. ni o’rganish 16-17-a.larda boshlanib, tupi, guarani, mekens, siriono, kokama, kamayura tillari boshqalariga nisbatan yaxshiroqo’rganilgan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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