BALLADA (Fransuzcha ballade, so’nggi lotincha ballo \u2014 raqsga tushaman) \u2014 1) 14 \u2014 15-asrlar frantsuz adabiyotidan qat’iy o’rin olgan lirik janr (F. Viyon); 2) ingliz xalq poeziyasida liro-epik janr va romantizm poeziyasidagi ayni shunday janr (R. Berne, G. Byurger, I. V. Gyote va boshqalar). Romantik Ballada fantastika, folklor, afsonaviy-tarixiy, maishiy mavzudagi syujetga ega she’riy asardir. 20-asrda Ballada qat’iy janr sifatida o’z qimmatini yo’qotadi (B. Brext, N. S. Tixonov va boshqalarning ayrim she’rlari bor xolos). Ballada janridagi asarlar namunalari o’zbek mumtoz adabiyoti (Sayfi saroyi \u2014 «Suxayl va Guldursun»; Alisher Navoiy \u2014 «Xotami toyi») va zamonaviy adabiyot (M. Shayxzoda \u2014 «Sulh daraxti»; Shuhrat \u2014 «Mardlik afsonasi»; H. Olimjon \u2014 «Jangchi Tursun»; G’. G’ulom \u2014 «Suv va nur») da ham uchraydi; 3) (musiqada) \u2014 Ballada 12 \u2014 13-asrlarda Trubadur va truverlar ijodining asosiy janri sifatida keng rivoj topdi. Uyg’onish davrida uning polifonik turlari yuzaga keldi (Gilom de Masho). Musiqiy romantizm uslubida Ballada syujet (muayyan mavzu) li musiqa janri sifatida kamer-vokal (asosan, Avstriya va Germaniya kompozitorlari ijodida \u2014 F. Shubert, R. Shuman, F. List, I. Brams, X. Volf) va kamer-cholg’u (asosan, fortepiano uchun: F. Shopen, E. Grig va boshqalar) asarlarida o’z ifodasini topdi. O’zbekiston musiqasida Ballada ko’proq qahramonlik yoki ishqiy-qahramonlik, falsafiy talqinga ega (D. Zokirov, I. Akbarov, D. Saydaminova). M. Burhonovning xonanda va simfonik orkestr uchun «Ishq o’ti» Balladasi (1939, Mashrab g’azali) mazkur janrning O’zbekistondagi ilk namunasidir. Balladaning muayyan xususiyatlari boshqa janrlarga singdirilganligi sababli bunday asarlar qo’shma nomlar bilan ham ataladi (masalan, Ballada-poema, Ballada simfoniya va boshqalar).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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