Abbosiylar \u2013 arab xalifalari sulolasi [750-1258 (hijriy 132-656)], Muhammad (s.a.v.)ning amakilari Abbos avlodlari. Abu Muslim qo\u2019zg\u2019oloni natijasida hokimiyat tepasiga kelgan. Dastlabki poytaxti-Kufa shahri. Sulolaning 1-xalifasi-\u201cSaffoh\u201d (\u201cXunrez\u201d) laqabi bilan mashhur Abulabbos Abdulloh. 2-xalifa Saffohning ukase Abu Ja\u2019far Mansur (754-775) Bag\u2019dod shahriga asos solib, poytaxtni shu yerga ko\u2019chirgan. Abbosiylar hukmronligining dastlabki yillarida mulkchilik munosabatlari o\u2019sib, savdo-sotiq rivojlangan. Bag\u2019dod Sharqning yirik savdo markaziga aylangan, ilm-fan ravbaq topib, falsafa, matematika, tabiiyot va boshqa fanlarga oid ko\u2019plab asarlar yaratilgan. Andalusiya (Ispaniya)dan tashqari butun musulmon mamlakatlari-Mag\u2019rib, Shimoliy Hindiston, Movarounnahr Abbosiylar qo\u2019li ostida bo\u2019lgan. Bular xalifalikning iqtisodiy negizini, siyosiy va harbiy qudratini mustahkamlagan. Ayniqsa, Horun ar-Rashid va uning o\u2019g\u2019li Ma\u2019mun zamoni sulolasining gullagan davri bo\u2019lgan. 9-asrning 2-yarmidan Abbosiylar xalifaligi zaiflasha boshlagan. Afrikada ag\u2019labiylar, Misrda tuluniylar, Xuroson va Movarounnahrda somoniylar Abbosiylar xalifaligidan ajralib chiqqan. 10-asrga kelib faqat Bag\u2019dod\u00a0 va uning atroflarida siyosiy hokimiyat Abbosiylar qo\u2019lida saqlanib qolgan. Harbiy kuchlr turk sarkardalari qo\u2019liga o\u2019tib ketgan. Ular xohlagan vaqtlarida xalifalarni almashtira olgan. 10-asr o\u2019rtalariga kelib Abbosiylar siyosiy hokimiyatni tamoman qo\u2019ldan boy berib, nomigagina musulmonlarning diniy xalifasi bo\u2019lib qolgan. Erondagi buvayhiylar (945 yil) Bag\u2019dodni o\u2019z qo\u2019liga olgan, lekin ular Abbosiylarning mavqei bilan hisoblashgan. Bag\u2019dod saljuqiy-sunniylar tomonidan bosib olingandan keyin Abbosiylar siyosiy hukmronligi qisman tiklangan va dinning mavqei mustahkamlangan. 1258 yil mo\u2019g\u2019ullar Bag\u2019dodni vayron qilib, Abbosiylarni tamoman tor-mor keltirgan. Mo\u2019g\u2019ul xoni Huloku buyrug\u2019i bilan Abbosiy xalifalarning so\u2019nggisi-Musta\u2019sim qatl etilgan. Abbosiylar sulolasining qolgan vakillari esa Misrga qochgan. Mamluk sultonlari davrida (turklar 1517 yil Misrni olgunga qadar) Abbosiylar Qohirada muqaddas kishilar sifatida yashab kelgan. 1261 yil mamluk sultoni Beybars Abbosiylardan biri al-Mustansirni xalifa deb e\u2019lon qilgan. 1517 yil Abbosiylarning avlodi Mutavakkil III Istanbulga keltirilgan va u diniy rahnamolik huquqini turk sultonlariga topshirgan. Abbosiylardan 37 kishi xalifa bo\u2019lgan. Ular quyidagilar: 1) Saffoh; 2) Mansur; 3) Mahdiy; 4) Hodiy; 5) Horun ar-Rashid; 6) Amin; 7) Ma\u2019mun; 8) Mu\u2019tasim; 9) Vosiq; 10) Mutavakkil; 11) Muntasir; 12) Musta\u2019in; 13) Mu\u2019tazz; 14) Muhtadiy; 15) Mu\u2019tadiy; 16) Mu\u2019tazid; 17) Muktafiy; 18) Muqtadir; 19) Qohir; 20) Roziy; 21) Muttaqiy; 22) Mustakfiy; 23) Mute\u2019; 24) Toi\u2019; 25) Qodir; 26) Qoim; 27) Muqtadiy; 28) Mustazhir; 29) Mustarshid; 30) Rashid; 31) Muqtafiy: 32) Mustanjid; 33) Mustazi\u2019; 34) Nosir; 35) Zohir; 36) Mustansir; 37) Musta\u2019sim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Abbosiylar \u2013 arab xalifalari sulolasi [750-1258 (hijriy 132-656)], Muhammad (s.a.v.)ning amakilari Abbos avlodlari. Abu Muslim qo\u2019zg\u2019oloni natijasida hokimiyat tepasiga kelgan. Dastlabki poytaxti-Kufa shahri. Sulolaning 1-xalifasi-\u201cSaffoh\u201d (\u201cXunrez\u201d) laqabi bilan mashhur Abulabbos … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":152644,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[977],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-152654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-harfiga-oid-islomga-oid-ensiklopediya","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=152654"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":152655,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152654\/revisions\/152655"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/152644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=152654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=152654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=152654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}