{"id":19764,"date":"2022-03-03T07:39:30","date_gmt":"2022-03-03T04:39:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/?p=19764"},"modified":"2022-03-03T07:39:31","modified_gmt":"2022-03-03T04:39:31","slug":"budda-sanati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/budda-sanati\/","title":{"rendered":"BUDDA SAN&#8217;ATI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>BUDDA SAN&#8217;ATI \u2014 qadimda va o&#8217;rta asrlarda buddizm tarqalgan mamlakatlarda ushbu din ta&#8217;sirida va uning g&#8217;oyalarini targ&#8217;ib qilish jarayonida vujudga kelgan san&#8217;at. Budda san&#8217;ati dastlab Hindistonda paydo bo&#8217;lgan, keyinchalik Shri Lanka (Tseylon), Indoneziya, Myanma (Birma), Tailand, Yaponiya, Xitoy, Kamboja (Kampuchiya), Koreya va boshqa mamlakatlarning afsona va marosimlarida turlicha talqin etilgan. Ilk buddizm davri Budda san&#8217;atida Budda o&#8217;rniga qadimgi hindlarning osmon jismlari bilan bog\u2019liq tasavvurlariga asoslangan turli ramzlar (g&#8217;ildirak, sher, muqaddas daraxt kabilar) tasvirlangan. Buddani inson qiyofasida tasvirlash milod boshlarida Gandxara va Matxuri san&#8217;atidagina paydo bo&#8217;ldi, keyinchalik ko&#8217;p mamlakatlarda haykaltaroshlik va rassomlik san&#8217;atida uning turli qiyofalari yaratildi. Budda san&#8217;atida asosiy shaxs Budda \u2014 din asoschisi Shahzoda Siddhartha Gautama bo&#8217;lib, u san&#8217;at asarlarida asosan uch holatda tasvirlanadi: tik turgan Budda \u2014 Voiz; chordona qurib o&#8217;tirgan Budda \u2014 fikrxayolga chumgan mutafakkir; yotgan Budda \u2014 yorug&#8217; dunyodan ko&#8217;z yumgan Budda. Hindistonda budda bilan bog&#8217;liq san&#8217;atning qadimgi yodgorliklari yuzaga kelgan, ramzlar va obrazlar doirasi, budda inshootlari \u2014 me&#8217;morlik, haykaltaroshlik, rangtasvirning o\u2019ziga xos uyg\u2019unligini yaratgan gor ibodatxonalari, Budda hayotiga oid afsonaviy voqealar sharafiga qurilgan va muqaddas yodgorliklarni saqlagan stupalar; g&#8217;or ibodatxonalari va stupalarga uxshash yodgorliklar (pagoda, dagoba, suburgan va boshqalar) boshqa mamlakatlarda keng tarqalgan. Xitoy, Yaponiya, Koreyada turli xil yog&#8217;och ibodatxonalar tipi yaratildi, buddizm mazmunidagi mahobatli rassomlik bilan birga dastgoh rassomligi ham rivojlandi. Indoneziya, Kamboja va boshqalarda Budda bilan bog&#8217;liq tosh ibodatxonalar va ibodatxona ansambllari, Hindiston, Birma, Nepalda monastir majmualari, Tibet, Mo&#8217;g&#8217;uliston, Buryatiya va boshqalarda lamaizm monastir ansambllari yuzaga keldi. Markaziy Osiyoda buddizm milod boshlaridan keng tarqalgan. O&#8217;zbekiston, Tojikiston, Turkmenistan, Qirg&#8217;iziston hududidan o&#8217;rta asrga oid Budda san&#8217;ati yodgorliklari topilgan. Kushan podsholigi hududida yashagan xalqlar turli dinlar qatori buddizm diniga e&#8217;tiqodda bo&#8217;lganligi aniqlangan. Kushan tangalarida buddizmga oid shaxslar tasvirlangan. Budda san&#8217;atida mahobatli qurilishlar (ko&#8217;pincha budda monastirlari qurish) katta o&#8217;rin tutgan, ular haykallar va devoriy rasmlar bilan bezatilgan. Ayritomdan yer osti monastiri (sangarama), Qoratepatshm \u2014 g\u2019or ibodatxona (vixara), shuningdek Chingiztepa, Dalvarzintepadan qadimgi g&#8217;or monastirlar majmuasining qoldig&#8217;i topilgan. Topilmalar orasida ohaktoshga o&#8217;yib ishlangan, ganch va loydan tayyorlangan haykallar, rangli devoriy rasmlar va Budda san&#8217;atiga xos boshqa san&#8217;at qoldiqlari bor. Jumladan, Zurmala minorasi Budda stupasining qoddig&#8217;i hisoblanib, u uch qavatli bo&#8217;lgan deb taxmin qilinadi. Budda san&#8217;ati namunalari qayerdan topilganligidan qati nazar shaklan va mazmunan o&#8217;xshash bo&#8217;lgan. Bahodir Turg&#8217;unov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BUDDA SAN&#8217;ATI \u2014 qadimda va o&#8217;rta asrlarda buddizm tarqalgan mamlakatlarda ushbu din ta&#8217;sirida va uning g&#8217;oyalarini targ&#8217;ib qilish jarayonida vujudga kelgan san&#8217;at. Budda san&#8217;ati dastlab Hindistonda paydo bo&#8217;lgan, keyinchalik Shri &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/budda-sanati\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-b-harfi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19764"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19764\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19765,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19764\/revisions\/19765"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19764"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}