{"id":2958,"date":"2021-10-06T12:00:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-06T09:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/?p=2958"},"modified":"2021-10-06T12:00:34","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T09:00:34","slug":"notalarni-kim-ixtiro-qilgan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/notalarni-kim-ixtiro-qilgan\/","title":{"rendered":"Notalarni kim ixtiro qilgan?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Uzoq zamonlar davomida musiqani yozib borishmagandi. Uni kuylashar yoki yoddan chalishardi. Musiqa bir ijrochidan boshqasiga o&#8217;tib yurdi va tabiiyki, zamonlar o&#8217;tishi bilan buzib talqin etila boshladi. Musiqani yozib borishning shunday bir yo&#8217;lini topish kerak bo&#8217;ldiki, toki u muallif tomonidan qanday to&#8217;qib yaratilgan bo&#8217;lsa \u2014 aynan o&#8217;shanday ijro etilsin. Shunday qilib, notalar ko&#8217;magida musiqani yozib borish usuli paydo bo&#8217;ldi. Bugungi kunda G&#8217;arb olamida qabul qilingan notali yorliq tizimi asrlar davomida \u2014 IX asrning oxirlaridan to 1700-yillarning boshlariga qadar yaratilgan edi. U Rim katolik cherkovning jome&#8217; va monastirlarida vujudga keldi. Aksariyat kalisoviy ibodatlar qo&#8217;shiq tarzida kuylanar, biroq ularni yoddan kuylashardi. IX asrning oxirlariga kelib duolar va munojotlar kitoblarining matnlaridagi so&#8217;zlar ustida nuqtalar va tirnoqlar yozadigan, shuningdek jajji jimjimalar chizadigan bo&#8217;lishdi. Bu belgichalar hali notalar emas, ular faqat kuy yo&#8217;nalishini ko&#8217;rsatar va ustiga-ustak judayam noaniq edi. Milodning 900 yiliga kelib ancha muncha qulay usul o&#8217;ylab topishdi. Belgilarni sathiy-yotiq chiziqdan muayyan balandlik yoki pastlikda yoza boshladilar, bu narsa balandligiga ko&#8217;ra &#171;FA&#187; notasining tovushini bildirar edi. Bunday yozuv qayerda baland, qayerda past ovoz bilan kuylash kerakligiga ishora etardi. Notalar majmui rohib Gvido D&#8217;Aresso tomonidan ixtiro qilingan. U to&#8217;rt chiziqdan iborat bo&#8217;lgan. Bu usul har bir notaning davomiyligisi ko&#8217;rsatish imkonini yaratdi. U XIII\u2014XIV asrlarda takomillashtirilgan edi. Notalar yangicha ko&#8217;rinishga ega bo&#8217;ldi, ulardan ba&#8217;zilariga o&#8217;zlarining davomiyligiga mos ravishda ilmoqchalar-tayoqchalar qo&#8217;shildi. 1600-yillarga kelib notalar dumaloq shakl kasb etdi, musiqaviy yozuv esa o&#8217;zining hozirgi ko&#8217;rinishiga ega bo&#8217;ldi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uzoq zamonlar davomida musiqani yozib borishmagandi. Uni kuylashar yoki yoddan chalishardi. Musiqa bir ijrochidan boshqasiga o&#8217;tib yurdi va tabiiyki, zamonlar o&#8217;tishi bilan buzib talqin etila boshladi. Musiqani yozib borishning shunday &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/notalarni-kim-ixtiro-qilgan\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":657,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilasizmi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2958","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2958"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2959,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2958\/revisions\/2959"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}