Yer yuzidagi eng qadimiy oynalarning yoshi taxminan 5000 yilga boradi. Oynadan shishalar ixtiro qilinishiga qadar bu jabhada tosh va oltin, kumush, bronza, qalayi, mis va tog’ billuri kabi metallardan foydalanishgan. Bir tomoni astoydil silliqlashtirilgan, ikkinchi tomoniga esa bezaklar ishlangan diskalar eng ommabop va qulay buyumlardan bo’lgan. Metall oynalar «hukmronligi»ga Venetsiya chek qo’ydi. XIII asr oxirlarida Venetsiyaning ilk oynalari paydo bo’lib, ular yevropalik hukmdorlar va zodagonlarning koshonalarini bezadi. Ular juda qimmatbaho edi. Boshqa mamlakatlarda ham buningdek oyna to’g’risida eshitishib, o’zlari uni ishlab chiqarishni yo’lga qo’ya boshladilar. Fransiya bunga birinchilardan bo’lib erishdi: 1665 yilda fransuzlar Parij yaqinida shishapazlik fabrikasini ishga tushirish uchun to’rt nafar venetsiyalik shishakorlarni taklif etishdi. Oradan ko’p o’tmay Germaniya va Angliyada ham oyna ishlab chiqarila boshlandi. Rossiya shishapazlik zavodlari Petr I zamonidan e’tiboran paydo bo’ldi: shundan buyon shisha kundalik turmushda, me’morchilikda va texnika sohasida \u2014 projektorlar, teleskoplar, zarrabinlar yasashda keng qo’llanila boshlandi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yer yuzidagi eng qadimiy oynalarning yoshi taxminan 5000 yilga boradi. Oynadan shishalar ixtiro qilinishiga qadar bu jabhada tosh va oltin, kumush, bronza, qalayi, mis va tog’ billuri kabi metallardan foydalanishgan. … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":657,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilasizmi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3616"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3617,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3616\/revisions\/3617"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}