{"id":3906,"date":"2021-10-13T20:29:58","date_gmt":"2021-10-13T17:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/?p=3906"},"modified":"2021-10-13T20:30:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-13T17:30:00","slug":"tugma-qachon-paydo-bolgan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/tugma-qachon-paydo-bolgan\/","title":{"rendered":"Tugma qachon paydo bo&#8217;lgan?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Tosh asri zamonida hali tugmalar bo&#8217;lmagan, ularning vazifalarini har xil to&#8217;g&#8217;nag&#8217;ichlar bajarar edi. Tugmalarning o&#8217;zi esa faqat XV asrda ixtiro qilingan. Yevropada kiyimni tartibga solish uchun yoki bezak maqsadlarida tikiladigan aytarli katta bo&#8217;lmagan tosh, suyak yoki metaldan yasalgan ushbu buyum mis asridan beri ma&#8217;lum. Tugmalarning ishtiroki gazlamadan tikilgan kiyimning mavjudligini taxmin qilishga imkon beradi, chunki tugmalarni qadash uchun yetarlicha ingichka ip, shuningdek chetlari mustahkamlashga muhtoj bo&#8217;lgan maxsus ishlangan halqa kerak bo&#8217;ladi. O&#8217;sha qisqa davrda tugmalar ham kundalik, ham hayitlik kiyimlarning muhim unsuriga aylandi. Ularni turli-tuman materiallardan \u2014 mo&#8217;giz, suyak, yog&#8217;och, metaldan tayyorlashadi. Ko&#8217;pgina muzeylarda naqshlar va nodir toshlar bilan bezatilgan qadimiy tugmalarni ko&#8217;rish mumkin. Tugmalardan turli tumorlar va ko&#8217;zmunchoqlar taqib yurish uchun ham foydalanilgan. Salb yurishlari zamonida, masalan, go&#8217;yo qachonlardir soyasida Iso Masih nafas rostlagan Mamviriy eman yog\u2019ochidan ishlangan tugmalar sotilgan. Rossiyada XVIII asrda yarimnodir toshlar \u2014 yashim, aqiq, malaxitdan ishlangan tugmalar ancha-muncha ommalashgan edi. Shunday bo&#8217;lsa-da, vaqt o&#8217;tishi bilan bichimlar va jilolarning benihoya rang-barangligi, shuningdek uncha qimmat bo&#8217;lmagan narx tugmaning asosiy fazilatiga aylandi. Tugma modasi turli-tuman bo&#8217;ladi: kiyimni tartibga solish uchun turli shakl va kattalikdagi tugmalarni shunchaki qadab qo&#8217;ymaslik ham mumkin ekan. Bir necha yil ilgari tugmaband naqsh deb ataluvchi moda mavjud edi: tugmalar kiyimga qo&#8217;shimcha bezak sifatida tikilardi. Ayrim modaparastlar hatto qanchalik ko&#8217;p tugma qadasangiz, siz shunchalik po&#8217;rim kiyingan bo&#8217;lasiz, deb taxmin qilishgan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tosh asri zamonida hali tugmalar bo&#8217;lmagan, ularning vazifalarini har xil to&#8217;g&#8217;nag&#8217;ichlar bajarar edi. Tugmalarning o&#8217;zi esa faqat XV asrda ixtiro qilingan. Yevropada kiyimni tartibga solish uchun yoki bezak maqsadlarida tikiladigan &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/tugma-qachon-paydo-bolgan\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":657,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilasizmi","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3906"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3906\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3907,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3906\/revisions\/3907"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}