AKADEMIYA (yun. akademos \u2013 afsonaviy qahramon Akadem nomidan) \u2014 ko\u2017pgina ilmiy muassasa, jamoat tashkilotlari, o\u2019quv yurtlarining nomi. Miloddan avvalgi IV asrda Platon (Aflotun) asos solgan yunon falsafiy maktabi, Afina yaqinidagi joy ham uning nomi bilan atalgan. Sharq mamlakatlarida Akademiya tarzidagi muassasa va jamiyatlar VIII-IX asrlarda tarkib topa boshlagan. Xususan, arab xalifaligida Horun ar-Rashid hukmronligi davri (786-809) da \u00abBayt ul-hikmat\u00bb (\u00abHikmat xonasi\u00bb)ga asos solinib, xalifa Ma\u2018mun hukmronligi davri (813-833)da \u00abBayt ul-hikmat\u00bbning faoliyati yanada rivoj topgan, uning rasadxonasi va katta kutubxonasi bo\u2017lgan (buyuk matematik Muso Xorazmiy va astronom Ahmad Farg\u2019oniy shu yerda ishlagan). Mashhur olim va shoir Ibn Xamdon (935-yil vafot etgan) Mosul shahrida kutubxonali \u00abDor ulilm\u00bb (\u00abIlm uyi\u00bb) ochgan va bu joy ilmga intilganlarning kirishi uchun bemalol bo\u2019lgan. Bunday Akademiyalar Bag\u2019dodda, shundan Misrda ham ochilgan. 1010-yilda Urganchda Mamun akademiyasiga asos solingan. Abu Rayhon Beruniy shu Akademiyaning rahbari bo\u2019lgan (bu Akademiya doirasida Abu Ali ibn Sino, faylasuf Abu Saxl Masihiy, tabib Abulhasan Hammor va boshqalar ish olib borishgan). Amir Temur tomonidan Samarqandda to\u2019plangan olim, yozuvchi va me\u2018morlar XV asr fani va madaniyati taraqqiyotiga munosib hissa qo\u2019shganlar. Ulug\u2019bek madrasasi va rasadxonasi ham o\u2019z davrining Akademiyasidir; bu A. Qozizoda Rumiy, G\u2019iyosiddin Jamshid al-Koshiy, Ali Qushchi va boshqalar buyuk matematik hamda astronomlarni birlashtirgan. XV asrning 2-yarmida ilmiy va madaniy markazga aylangan Hirotda, Navoiy atrofida olim, yozuvchi, rassom, sozanda va boshqalardan tarkib topgan o\u2019ziga xos ilmiy va badiiy jamiyat yuzaga kelgan. Hirot miniatyura maktabinn o\u2019rta asr Sharqida davlat tomonidan ta\u2018sis etilgan birinchi badiiy Akademiya deb hisoblash mumkin (Behzod shu Akademiyaning eng yirik vakilidir). XV-XVI asrlarda Yevropada (Italiyada) turli ilmiy jamiyatlar Akademiya deb atala boshlagan; ularning faoliyati asosan ijtimoiy fanlar yo\u2019nalishida bo\u2019lgan. XVII asrda bir qancha ilmiy jamiyatlar — Akademiyalar tuzilib, ular asosan tabiatshunoslik masalalari bilan shug\u2019ullangan. XVII asrning 2-yarmidan davlat hokimiyati yordami bilan bir qancha mamlakatlarda milliy ilmiy markaz sifatidagi Akademiyalar tuzildi; masalan, Londondagi Qirollik jamiyati (1660), Parij FA (1666), Berlindagi Prussiya FA (1700), Peterburg FA (1724). Hozirgi vaqtda kompleks turdagi FA yoki ularga o\u2019xshash muassasalar ko\u2019p mamlakatlarda bor; bu mamlakatlarning ko\u2019plarida fan yoki madaniyatning biror tarmog\u2017ini qamragan soha Akademiyalari ham mavjud. O\u2019zbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar akademiyasiga 1943-yil 4-noyabrda asos solingan, u mamlakatning oliy ilmiy tashkiloti hisoblanadi, ilm-fan soxalari bo\u2018yicha ko\u2018plab markazlari faoliyat yuritmoqda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
AKADEMIYA (yun. akademos \u2013 afsonaviy qahramon Akadem nomidan) \u2014 ko\u2017pgina ilmiy muassasa, jamoat tashkilotlari, o\u2019quv yurtlarining nomi. Miloddan avvalgi IV asrda Platon (Aflotun) asos solgan yunon falsafiy maktabi, Afina yaqinidagi … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":56191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[319],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-harfiga-oid-fuqarolik-jamiyatiga-oid-ensiklopedik-atamalar","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70793"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70794,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70793\/revisions\/70794"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}