{"id":73983,"date":"2023-05-02T16:43:24","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T13:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/?p=73983"},"modified":"2023-05-02T16:43:25","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T13:43:25","slug":"kastalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/kastalar\/","title":{"rendered":"KASTALAR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>KASTALAR <\/strong>(sanskritcha <em>jati <\/em>\u2013 asl, toza) \u2014 kishilarning biqiq endogam guruhi. Kastalar o\u2019ziga xos sotsial vazifalarni bajarish, merosiy kasb-hunarlar bilan shug\u2019ullanish natijasida ajraladiki, bu hol muayyan etnik, ba&#8217;zan diniy mushtaraklikka mansublik bilan bog\u2019liq bo\u2019lishi mumkin. Kastalar baland &#8212; past tabaqalar hosil qiladi, ular o\u2019rtasidagi munosabatlarda qat\u2018iy cheklanishlar mavjud. Arxaik Kastalar (tabaqaviy yoki sotsial darajalar) bir qancha qadimgi va o\u2019rta asr jamiyatlari (Qadimgi Misr, Hindiston, Peru va boshqalar) da bo\u2018lgan. Hindistonda hinduizmda, asosan, odamlarning muayyan belgiga ko\u2019ra guruhlarga bo\u2019linishi yalpi tus olgan. Hindistonda XX asrning 40-yillarida 3,5 ming Kastalar va kichik Kastalar bor edi. O\u2019rta asrlarda Hindistonda Kastalar bir necha pog\u2019onani hosil qilgan: eng yuqori pog\u2019ona \u2013 brahmanlar va harbiy yer egalarining Kastalari yirik va o\u2019rtahol mulkdorlardan tashkil topgan; ulardan quyiroq pog\u2019onani savdogar-sudxo\u2019rlar egallagan; bulardan keyingi pog\u2019onadagi zamindorlar kastasi-mayda mulkdorlar va dehqonlar bo\u2019lib, jamoaning to\u2019la huquqli a\u2018zolari hisoblanishgan, yanada quyi pog\u2019onaga ko\u2019p sonli ersiz va to\u2019la huquqqa ega bo\u2019lmagan dehqonlar, hunarmandlar va xizmatkorlar kirgan; ularning eng past qatlami huquqsiz va eng ezilgan \u00abhazar qilinganlar\u00bb (pariyalar)ning Kastalaridir. Hindiston konstitutsiyasi (1950) Kastalar tengligi va \u00abhazar qilinganlar\u00bbning yuridik teng huquqliligini e&#8217;tirof etdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KASTALAR (sanskritcha jati \u2013 asl, toza) \u2014 kishilarning biqiq endogam guruhi. Kastalar o\u2019ziga xos sotsial vazifalarni bajarish, merosiy kasb-hunarlar bilan shug\u2019ullanish natijasida ajraladiki, bu hol muayyan etnik, ba&#8217;zan diniy mushtaraklikka &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/kastalar\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":56191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[356],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-k-harfiga-oid-fuqarolik-jamiyatiga-oid-ensiklopedik-atamalar","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"ru","enabled_languages":["uz","kr","ru"],"languages":{"uz":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"kr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73983"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73983\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":73984,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73983\/revisions\/73984"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/milliycha.uz\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}