Saljuqiylar

Saljuqiylar – Xuroson, yaqin va O’rta Sharq, kichik Osiyo, qisman Movarounnahrdagi bir necha davlatlar- da hukmronlik qilgan turkiy sulola (1038-1308). Sulola nomi chorvador tur- kiy qavm —o’g’uzlar boshlig’i Saljufek ibn Do’kak nomidan olingan. Sulolaga Saljuqning nevarasi Sulton To’g’rulbek asos solgan. Sirdaryoning quyi oqimi — Jand sh. atroflari (hoz. Navoiy viloyati hududi) da yashagan o’g’uzlar Saljuq boshchiligidz Islom dinini qabul qilishgan (992). Saljuqning vafotidan so’ng ular nu- rota atroflarida joylashgan. Mahmud G’aznavip Amudaryodan o’tib, Buxoroga borayotganda saljuqlarning yo’lboshchisi Amir Arslon (Isroil)ni chakirib, ularga Buxorodan Xurosonga ko’chishni buyurgan (1025). Tarixchi Juzjoniynkt yozishi- cha, 4000 o’tovli saljuqlar Yag’mur, bug’, Ko’ktosh, qizil, Mansur, Anas o’g’li kabi amirlar boshchiligida Amudaryodan o’tib, Xurosonning Saraxs, Obivard, Farova, Niso, Dandanakon kabi turli mavzela- rida qo’nim topganlar. Qoraxoniylar b-n G’aznaviylar o’rtasidagi kurash- dan foydalangan S. harbiy kuchlari- ni birlashtirib, astasekin Xuroson- ni egallab, Saljuqiylar davlapishsh barpo etganlar. Keyinchalik bu davlat jahondagi eng qudratli saltanatlar- dan biriga aylangan. Sulola vakillari (hukmdorlari) Sulton deb atalgan va ular quyidagilardan iborat. Xurosondagi S (1038-1157): To’g’rulbek (1038-63), Alp Arslon (1063— 72), Malikshoh (1072-92), Mahmud (1092+94), Barqiyoruq (1094-1104), Malikshoh II (1104-05), G’iyosiddin Muhammad (1105-18), Sanjar (1118— 57); Kermondagi S (1041-1187): Kavur- bek (1041-73), Kermonshoh (1073), Xusayn (1073-74), Sultonshoh I (1074-85), Turonshoh I (1085-97), Eronshoh (1097-1101), Arslonshoh 1 (1101-41), Muhammadshoh1 (1141-56), To’g’rulshoh (1156-67), Bahromshoh (1167-68), Arslonshoh II (1168), Turonshoh II (1168-74), Muhammadshoh II (1174-87), Muborak (1187); Shom (Suriya)dagi S (1074— 1117): Tu- tush (1074-95), Ridvan (Halabda; 1095— 1113); Dukak (Damashqda; 1095-1104), Alp Arslon Arxas (Halabda; 1113-14), Sultonshoh (1114-17); Iroqdagi S. (1118-94): Maxmud (1118-31), Dovud (1131-32), To’g’rul I (1132-33), Mas’ud (1133-52), Malikshoh (1152-53), Muhammad (1153-59), Sulaymonshoh (1159-61), Arslonshoh (1161-77), To’g’rul II (1177-94); Ko’niya (Anatoliya yoxud Rum)dagi S (1077-1308): Sulaymon 1 (1077 — 86), Qilich Arslon I (1086-1107), Malikshoh I (1107-16), Mas’ud I (1116-56), Qilich Arslon II (1156-88); Malikshoh II (1188-92), Kay- Xusrav I (1192-1200; 120510), Sulaymon II (1200-04), qilich Arslon III (1204-05), Kaykovus I (1210-19), Alouddin Kayqubod (1219-36), Kayxusrav II (1236-45), Kay- Kovus II (1245-47), qilich Arslon IV (1257-65), Kayxusrav III (1265-83), Mas’ud II (1283-96), Kayqubod HI (1296-1307), Mas’ud III (1307-08) va b. sulolalar. Manba: RashidadD i n , Sbornik Leto- pisey, M. L., 1952. Ad.: Bosvort K. E., Musulmanskie dinastii, M., 1971; Stenli L e npul, Musulmanskie dinastii, M. — T. — Bishkek, 1996.